Bhutan’s diverse ethnic groups—Sharchops, Ngalongs, and Lhotshampas—reflect distinct linguistic practices. These groups speak different dialects and languages, which can vary from region to region:
- Dzongkha:
- National Language: Dzongkha is the official and national language of Bhutan, spoken predominantly in the western part of the country, including in the five Dzongkhags (districts) of western Bhutan. It is the language of administration, governance, and education. Dzongkha is closely related to classical Tibetan, and shares similarities with it. It is a key part of Bhutanese cultural identity and is taught in schools nationwide.
- Regional Languages:
- Bumthangkha, Khengkha, and Kurtoekha: These languages are spoken in central and part of eastern Bhutan, each associated with specific regions or communities.
- Sharchopkha: Spoken in eastern Bhutan by the Sharchop ethnic group, this language is considered to be one of the earliest spoken in Bhutan, reflecting the region’s indigenous population.
- Lhotsamkha (Nepali): The language of the Lhotshampa people, who reside in the southern parts of Bhutan.
- English:
- English plays a crucial role in Bhutan’s education system, particularly for higher learning and in governmental and international affairs. English is the medium of instruction in schools, universities, and other academic institutions.